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Recent finds dispute ‘known’ human history: What a 31,000-year-old skeleton and 1.8m-year-old tooth tell us about our past
We here at the SDC are always astounded by the discoveries that archaeologists uncover about our ancient ancestors. It seems like every few weeks, there’s a new article revealing some brand-new information about how they lived, what they ate, and what their beliefs were.
Most of this information comes to us through painstaking digging and excavation work at various ancient sites around the world. And a recent discovery in Indonesia has once again shed light on an amazing aspect of human history that we never knew existed.
A team of Australian and Indonesian archaeologists were excavating a limestone cave in East Kalimantan, Borneo – looking for evidence of ancient rock art – when they stumbled upon something quite unexpected: skeletal remains that suggest the earliest known surgical amputation.
The remains are said to have belonged to a young hunter-gatherer who was missing his lower left leg and foot. Analysis revealed that these limbs had been surgically amputated several years before the burial, which means this individual would have had to survive as an amputee in a rainforest environment – no easy feat!
The skeletal remains show the amputated lower left leg. Photograph: Tim Maloney
Of course, this begs the question: how did our ancestors manage to perform such a complex medical procedure with none of the modern tools or knowledge that we have today? According to study author Dr Tim Maloney, it’s possible they had developed an understanding of anatomy through hunting animals: '[The hunter] survived not just as a child but as an adult amputee in this rainforest environment… [This implies] early people…had mastered complex surgical procedures allowing this person to survive after the removal of a foot and leg.'
Professor Matthew Spriggs agrees: 'We tend to forget that modern humans like us 30,000 years ago...would have had their intellectuals, their doctors, their inventors. It's likely they experimented with plant medicines and other treatments over millennia in order to stay alive.'
The 1.8m-year-old tooth was found near Orozmani, Georgia. Photograph: David Chkhikvishvili/Reuters
This is truly amazing stuff! It comes right on the tail of a 1.8m-year-old tooth being discovered in Georgia which completely flips our understanding of human settlement. This ancient tooth is providing scientists with more evidence that the region was home to one of the earliest prehistoric human settlements in Europe – or possibly anywhere outside Africa!
History is being rewritten as we speak. We can only wonder what other life-changing 'discoveries' will come to light in the future, in what other far-flung places on this magnificent planet?
What are your thoughts, members? Are you a fan of history or archaeology?