As we age, the thought of cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases like dementia can be a frightening prospect. Early intervention, however, can make a world of difference in slowing the progression of these conditions. That's why it's essential to be aware of the early signs of dementia, even though they can sometimes be elusive and difficult to spot.

Experts say there are 8 symptoms that may be early signs of dementia. Image Credit: LightField Studios / Shutterstock

While genetic dementia patients (those with a gene mutation linked to dementia risk) can have detectable changes in brain structure and neuroimaging 10 to 25 years before symptom onset, sporadic dementia cases can be trickier to assess. Fortunately, a 2022 Alzheimer's & Dementia review has shed light on this issue, outlining eight early signs of dementia that can become apparent up to nine years before a medical diagnosis.

The researchers analysed data from the U.K. Biobank cohort study, involving 50,000 individuals aged between 40 and 69, to search for early manifestations of neurodegenerative diseases. This included Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia, and Lewy body dementia. They discovered several early signs of cognitive and functional changes common in these three types of dementia. Although these pre-diagnostic signs were strongest in Alzheimer's patients, they were also detected in frontotemporal and Lewy body dementia patients.

By recognising these signs, we can initiate early intervention in sporadic dementia cases, ultimately helping to slow the progression of these debilitating diseases. So, without further ado, here are the eight pre-diagnostic signs of dementia that you should be aware of:

1. Fluid intelligence decline: This refers to the worsening ability to solve problems creatively using logic and reason. Examples include struggling with puzzles, learning to play a new game, or finding an alternative route home when your regular route is blocked.
2. Slower reaction time: A person's response to stimuli, such as oncoming traffic, burning food, or an incoming phone call, may slow down significantly.
3. Numeric memory decline: The ability to use working memory to hold and calculate numbers worsens, affecting activities like measuring ingredients or solving simple maths equations.
4. Prospective memory decline: The ability to recall information, such as where your keys are, scheduled doctor appointments, or recent events, becomes increasingly challenging.
5. Visual memory decline: The capacity to recall visual information, like the face of a neighbour or the location of a familiar place, like your local grocery store, may also worsen. (Note: These pre-diagnostic impairments in day-to-day functions were only found in Alzheimer's disease patients.)
6. Increased number of falls: A sudden or unexplained increase in falls could be an early warning sign of dementia.
7. Decreased grip strength: A decline in grip strength may also indicate a cognitive decline.
8. Increased tendency toward weight loss: Unexplained weight loss can be another early sign of dementia.

Now that you're aware of these early signs of dementia, it's crucial to remember that many lifestyle habits can promote cognitive longevity, regardless of your age, genetics, or baseline cognitive health. Incorporate brain-boosting activities into your daily routine, such as regular exercise, a balanced diet, mental stimulation, and social engagement, to help maintain a healthy mind.

Anecdotal evidence suggests that early intervention can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life for dementia patients.
According to healthcare professionals, engaging in activities that promote mental stimulation is crucial in maintaining cognitive health. Some examples of brain-boosting activities include crossword puzzles, Sudoku, learning a new language, or taking up a musical instrument.

Key Takeaways

• Early intervention can make a significant difference in slowing the progression of cognitive decline in neurodegenerative diseases like dementia.
• A 2022 Alzheimer's & dementia review outlines eight early signs of dementia that can become apparent up to nine years before a medical diagnosis.
• The early signs include changes in fluid intelligence, reaction time, numeric memory, prospective memory, visual memory, an increased number of falls, decreased grip strength, and an increased tendency towards weight loss.
• Lifestyle habits can be incorporated into everyday routines to help promote brain longevity and overall cognitive health.

Additionally, maintaining social connections and participating in regular social activities can support cognitive health. Consider joining local clubs, attending community events, or volunteering to stay socially active and engaged.

Diet and nutrition also play a significant role in cognitive health. Consuming a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean protein, and healthy fats can help support brain function. Foods like blueberries, fatty fish, and nuts are known for their brain-boosting properties.

Knowing what to look for can help you spot early signs of dementia almost a decade before a medical diagnosis. If you or a loved one may be experiencing significant cognitive changes, don't hesitate to consult with a healthcare professional to determine whether these changes are a normal part of ageing or a cause for concern. Stay informed and proactive about your cognitive health to enjoy a fulfilling life in your golden years!

 

[Macarj]

I'm too busy to think to watch out for all that, although I do have trouble finding my keys if I haven't put them on our rack

 

[SGH]

I was worried about my husband until you mentioned weight lose, he's eating us out of house and home lately so there no chance there.

 

[Jarred Santos]

For those who need more information, please consider visiting these websites:

Dementia

Dementia has a major impact on individuals, families, and communities across Australia. Find out what we're doing to support people living with dementia, their families and carers.

www.health.gov.au

Home | Dementia Australia

www.dementia.org.au