Vatican City is an independent city-state enclaved within Rome, Italy. With an area of just 44 hectares (110 acres), it is the smallest internationally recognized independent state in the world by both area and population.

The Haka is a traditional ancestral war cry, dance or challenge from the Māori people of New Zealand. It is a posture dance performed by a group, with vigorous movements and stamping of the feet with rhythmically shouted accompaniment. The New Zealand national rugby team, the All Blacks, perform a Haka before each match.

This famous line is uttered by Mercutio as he lays dying, cursing both the Montagues and Capulets for their senseless feud that led to his fatal wounding. It underscores one of the play's central themes - the tragic consequences of the two families' bitter rivalry.

The Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution guarantees a citizen a speedy trial, a fair jury, an attorney if the accused person wants one, and the chance to confront the witnesses who is accusing the defendant of a crime, among other things.

"Cats", composed by Andrew Lloyd Webber, opened on Broadway at the Winter Garden Theatre on October 7, 1982. The musical, based on T.S. Eliot's "Old Possum's Book of Practical Cats", ran for 18 years and 7,485 performances, making it the longest-running musical in Broadway history until it was surpassed by "The Phantom of the Opera" in 2006.

The Chrysler Building, completed in 1930, is a classic example of Art Deco architecture, noted for its ornamental features and the use of geometric forms and metallic decoration. It was the tallest building in the world at the time of its completion before being surpassed by the Empire State Building in 1931.

Scottish geologist James Hutton is often referred to as the "Father of Modern Geology" largely due to his work, 'Theory of the Earth', which introduced the concept of deep time and proposed that the Earth was much older than previously believed.

Julia Gillard was the first and, as of my knowledge cutoff date in 2023, the only woman to have served as Prime Minister of Australia. She held office from 2010 to 2013.

Madonna rose to prominence in the 1980s and continues to dominate the pop music scene. With over 300 million records sold worldwide, she has achieved great success throughout her career, including 7 Grammy Awards, multiple number one hits, and memorable concerts.

On the pH scale which ranges from 0 to 14, a pH of 7 indicates a neutral solution that is neither acidic nor basic. Pure water has a pH very close to 7. Solutions with a pH less than 7 are acidic, while those with a pH greater than 7 are basic or alkaline. The further the pH is from 7, the more strongly acidic or basic the solution is.