J.P. Morgan & Co. was founded in 1871 by John Pierpont Morgan and is one of the oldest banks in the United States. On the other hand, Ford Motor Company was established in 1903, Amazon in 1994, and Apple in 1976. J.P. Morgan & Co. played a significant role in shaping the modern banking system and was involved in some of the largest mergers and financial undertakings in the early 20th century.

CFCs were widely used in refrigeration, air conditioning, foam blowing, and aerosol propellants. Due to their capability to break down ozone molecules in the stratosphere, they contribute significantly to ozone layer depletion. The Montreal Protocol was agreed upon in 1987 to phase out the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances.

Construction of the Empire State Building began on March 17, 1930, and the building opened on May 1, 1931. Despite its size and complexity, it was built in record time, with as many as 3,400 workers on site at one time.

The first ten amendments are known as the Bill of Rights. The 27th Amendment, ratified in 1992, is the most recent amendment. It deals with congressional pay raises.

The Trolley Problem, first introduced by British philosopher Philippa Foot in 1967, challenges our understanding of moral principles and highlights the dilemmas of consequentialism and utilitarianism.

The term "Dickensian" is used to describe writing that is reminiscent of the style of Charles Dickens, the famous 19th-century English novelist known for his vivid characterization, social commentary, and intricate plots in works such as "A Christmas Carol", "Oliver Twist", and "Great Expectations".

The Empire State Building held the record for the world's tallest building for nearly 40 years, from its completion in 1931 until the topping out of the World Trade Center's North Tower in 1970. It has 102 floors and over 6,500 windows.

Leprechauns are figures from Irish folklore, often depicted as small, mischievous characters who hoard gold and are skilled cobblers. They are said to hide their pots of gold at the end of a rainbow.

Socrates, one of the founders of Western philosophy, was born in Athens around 470 BC. He is known for his method of questioning, the Socratic method, which laid the groundwork for Western systems of logic and philosophy.

"I Dreamed a Dream" is a song from Les Misérables, which is a musical adaptation of Victor Hugo's novel of the same name. The song is a powerful ballad that expresses the despair of the character Fantine. The musical premiered in Paris in 1980 and in London's West End in 1985.