Fluid and Crystallized Intelligence Theory was proposed by Raymond Cattell. Fluid intelligence, which includes skills like problem-solving and pattern recognition, tends to decrease with age, while crystallized intelligence, which is knowledge acquired through experience and education, tends to remain stable or even improve.

The Dunning-Kruger effect is a cognitive bias where people with low ability at a task overestimate their ability. It was identified by social psychologists David Dunning and Justin Kruger in a 1999 study. Conversely, people with high ability tend to underestimate their competence.

The Terra Cotta Warriors were discovered in 1974 by local farmers near Xi'an, Shaanxi province, China. The life-sized warriors were created to accompany the first Emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang, in the afterlife. There are an estimated 8,000 soldiers, 130 chariots with 520 horses, and 150 cavalry horses.

Tornadoes are most common in the Central United States, particularly in an area known as "Tornado Alley." This region is prone to tornadoes due to the intersection of cold polar air with warm, moist air from the Gulf of Mexico, leading to the necessary conditions for the formation of tornadoes.

The first state to require a driver's license in the United States was Massachusetts in 1908. Unlike today's licenses, these early versions did not require a test of driving ability.

"Persuasion" was completed in August 1816, a year before Jane Austen's death in 1817. It was published posthumously along with "Northanger Abbey" in December 1817. While "Pride and Prejudice" and "Sense and Sensibility" are among her most popular works, "Persuasion" is noted for its mature main heroine and autumnal tone.

Dmitri Mendeleev, a Russian chemist, formulated the Periodic Law and created a farsighted version of the periodic table of elements. He arranged the 63 known elements into a table based on atomic mass, which would later be known as the Periodic Table of Elements.

Before World War II erupted, World War I (1914-1918) was often referred to as "The Great War" due to its unprecedented scale and devastation. It was considered the war to end all wars until global conflict resumed in 1939.

Transylvania is known for its scenic beauty and its association with the legend of Dracula. It was once part of Hungary before becoming part of Romania after World War I.

Gotham City is known as the dark and brooding home of Batman. Unlike Metropolis, which is often associated with Superman, Gotham tends to be portrayed as a grimmer metropolis, rife with crime and corruption, necessitating the vigilante justice of the Dark Knight.